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Academy for Pakistan Army officers in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Pakistan Military Academy
Kakul
پاکستان عسکری اکادمی
Pakistan Military Academy Entrance
Motto in English	Men at their Best
Type	military service academy
Established	August 14, 1947; 74 years ago (August 14, 1947)
Commandant	Major-General Omer Ahmed Bokhari
Academic staff	3,000–4,000 (both civilian and military)
Location	Abbottabad , Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
Colours	Green and Red
Website	www.pma.edu.pk

Pakistan Military Academy Entrance Gate

Pakistan Military Academy (PMA or PMA Kakul; Urdu: پاکستان عسکری اکادمی ‎) is a Pakistan Army officers training academy located near Kakul village in the city and district of Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa^[1] established in 1947.^[2] It is the sole academy in Pakistan worked with transforming cadets into Army Officers. For educational training the institution is accredited with NUST University.^[3] ^[4] ^[5] Cadets have to go through 2 years of vigorous military training until they can finally be termed an Officer. Pakistan Military Academy provides training to Gentlemen Cadets (Officer Cadets) of Pakistan Army and Allied countries. The academy has four training battalions, and 16 companies. Approximately 2,000 invited guests from over 34 countries visit this institution each year. Many close allies of Pakistan send their own cadets and officers to receive premier training in modern military doctrine at PMA.

Former COAS Gen Raheel Shareef, inaugurated 4th Pakistan Battalion in PMA on October 10, 2016.^[6] ^[7]

History [edit]

Before the dissolution of British India in 1947, the location had initially been used as the premises of a PT and Mountaineering School of the British Indian Army, on the site of an old POW Camp for prisoners from the Boer War,^[8] and later it became the premises of the Royal Indian Army Service Corps. After the division of the old Indian Army between India and Pakistan in 1947, Brigadier Francis Ingall, an officer of the British Indian Army, was selected by the C-in-C India, Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, as first commandant of the Pakistan Military Academy, established at Kakul. He determined that the PMA would be organized based upon the model established by Sandhurst and requested a regimental sergeant major from the Brigade of Guards to help with training. He was fortunate to have the support of a number of old Indian Army officers who were transferred to the Pakistan Army, among them Lieutenant-Colonel Attiqur Rahman, Major S.G.Mehdi M.C., the first PMA adjutant and founder of Qasim company, fondly known as "Killer" Mehdi, who later went on to command the SSG ( Special Service Group) of the Pakistan Army. In spite of facilities which were nowhere near the level of those enjoyed by the Indian Military Academy at Dehra Dun, Ingall won the confidence of his cadets and instructors. When, late in 1947, the dispute over the accession of Jammu and Kashmir led to armed conflict between India and Pakistan, Ingall was able to structure the Academy's training to enable newly commissioned officers to be immediately effective when they joined units on active service. Ingall was appointed OBE after completing his term as commandant in 1950. What probably gave him more satisfaction was the decision to name Kakul's central lecture theatre Ingall Hall - though this was not built until many years after he had left.^[9] He kept in touch with the academy for the rest of his life, making his last visit in November, 1997 where he said:

I have given many addresses from this position here and from 1948 to 1951 I was very keen on the question of Pakistan and believed in it. I believed what the Quaid-e-Azam preached. I believe in Islam.^[10]

Cadets from IMA (66) arrived in October 1947 and new cadets for Ist PMA Long Course (78) and Ist Graduates Course (63) were selected in Pakistan and training started officially in January 1948. Two hundred and seven cadets started their training in January 1948. On January 25, 1948, "The First Pakistan Battalion" was instituted. This battalion has four companies which were "named after the luminaries of Muslim military history" (e.g., Khalid, Tariq, Qasim, and Salahuddin). In March 1948, the First Battalion "was bestowed with Quaid-e-Azam's patronage as Colonel-in-Chief, and the most coveted claim "The Quaid-e-Azam's Own".

Khawaja Nazimuddin gave the Quaid-e-Azam banner to the Pakistan Military Academy on behalf of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah. The Quaid-e-Azam banner is held aloft by the champion company at every passing out parade. "Regimental colours presented in 1950 by Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and the National Standard in 1961 by General Muhammad Musa, the then-Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army, have been some of the honours showered on the Academy, which it has always zealously guarded and kept high in letter and spirit."^[5]

The 1965 war led to expansion of the academy, and the second battalion of the academy was created in December 1965. This battalion consisted of four companies, called Ghaznavi, Babur, Aurangzeb, and Tipu. In early 1989, the third battalion of the academy was founded. The third battalion's four companies are Haider, Ubaida, Saad, and Hamza.

Educational philosophy [edit]

The academy offers a two-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelors in Military Art and Science (BMAS) including some common subjects as English, Military Geography, National and International Affairs, Islamic Studies, Military and General Science or Social Science. The long course cadets study two years for the degree before commissioning and complete their degree in their units. Every Gentleman Cadet passing out of the academy has a minimum graduation (from MCE, CEME, MCS, AM College or civil institutes) except for Long Course cadets who complete their degree after their passing out.

The academy believes in proper grooming of a cadet and proper induced discipline. It is based on the principles of Discipline, Honor, Patriotism and the qualities are strictly monitored. Cadets are made to go through current world affairs and ammunition with everything taught being in relation to military. Cadets are also made to adore officer traditional code of conduct and are perfectly sculptured into an Army Officer by the end of their term. Communication skills are given great importance and courteousness and consistency are kept a record of and stressed upon. Cadets are provided with modern educational facilities and are equipped with modern labs to boaster learning. A cadet is also made to react during stress situations and his overall mental capability is worked on.

War tactics are presented to cadets and are part of the curriculum. These include discussion of previous war models and the ones to be used in future. Cadets are also given navigation training in equipped map rooms and then overall judged in the tactical exercises without troops and professionalism are judged in weapon training areas.^[11]

Physical requirements [edit]

GCs (Gentlemen Cadets) are required to pass various physical tests. The academy has very high physical standards, which all cadets have to achieve in order to pass. The physical requirements increase with promotion to the next term. The basic requirement for cadets of first term is to be able to complete one mile run (1.6 kilometers) in six minutes and thirty seconds. In second term, cadets are required to complete one mile run in six minutes and fifteen seconds. For third term cadets one mile time is six minutes and for fourth term cadets i.e. the senior most cadets are required to run one mile within six minutes. Other tests includes push ups, sit ups, chin up, rope test, five mile running, assault course, and the acid test. These tests generally test the stamina and strength of a cadet.

In the acid test, cadets begin by traversing a mountain while carrying logs on their shoulders. This is followed by a 14.5 km run in full gear to an obstacle course. Those completing the course are given five rounds with which to hit a target at a distance of 22m.^[12]

Lady Cadets are also required to pass physical efficiency tests like GCs, but the standards are bit less keeping in view to their physique. The basic requirement for all lady cadets is to run one mile (1.6 km) within ten minutes. Other tests includes push ups, sit ups, bar hanging, assault course and also undergoes an exercise Qiyadat with GCs.

There are a number of training exercises for cadets, which include:

First term: Kick Off, Saluting Tests, Cross Country, Sang e Bunyad, Yarmuk, Path Finder and the GCs are required to spend three minutes in the Boxing Ring with another opponent following a lengthy training period.
Second term: T.M Raiders, Panipat and Assault Course is also added as a part of PT Tests. Qiyadat and the Acid Test.

Battalions [edit]

For the sake of training the Gentlemen Cadets are organized in battalions and then further into companies. There are 16 companies in Pakistan Military Academy, all of them are named after famous Muslim warriors and commanders.

1st Pakistan Battalion (Quaid-I-Azam's own) [edit]

1st Pakistan Battalion consists of four companies:

Khalid
Tariq
Qasim
Salahuddin

2nd Pakistan Battalion (Quaid-i-Azam's own) [edit]

2nd Pakistan Battalion consists of four companies:

Ghaznavi
Babar
Aurangzeb
Tipu

3rd Pakistan Battalion (Quaid-i-Azam's own) [edit]

3rd Pakistan Battalion consists of four companies:

Haider
Ubaida
Saad
Hamza

4th Pakistan Battalion (Quaid-i-Azam's own) [edit]

4th Pakistan Battalion consists of four companies:

Akram
Karnal Sher Khan
Aziz Bhatti
Shabbir Sharif

Courses [edit]

There are five courses running parallel to each other. The courses are:

PMA Long Course

The PMA Long Course is for regular commission officers of combat and combat support arms & services. The Long Course has a duration of two years, which is further divided into four terms of six months each. After the 2-year training period Cadets pass out as 2nd Lieutenants.

Technical Cadet Course (TCC)

Candidates who wish to join the army as an engineer apply for this course. It is necessary that the candidate has attained 12 years of academic education with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Candidates who are successful in all tests conducted by the army for selection are then sent to one of these institutions for a Bachelor of Engineering degree, depending on the field they choose:

Degree	Institution
B.E Civil Engineering	Military College of Engineering
B.E Electrical Engineering	College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
B.E Mechanical Engineering	College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
B.E Mechatronics Engineering	College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
B.E Computer Engineering	College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
B.E Electrical Engineering (Telecom)	Military College of Signals
B.E Software Engineering	Military College of Signals
B.E Aeronautical Engineering	College of Aeronautical Engineering

All of the above institutions are campuses of a public sector university, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad which is one of the top engineering universities of Pakistan. After completing their Bachelor of Engineering degree from one of these institutions, the E-Cadets, as they are called, are sent to Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul for military training of one year after which they directly attain the rank of captain in their respective units.

Integrated Course (IC)

To be eligible for this course, a candidate must have attained 16 (18 preferred) years of academic education with Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Candidates who pass initial and GHQ Selection Board tests conducted by the army are sent to Army Medical College for MBBS or for Bachelor of Dental Surgery after which they go through a Basic Military Training at Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul for 22 weeks. Apart from GCs of AM College, IC accepts cadets who will to join EME, Signals, RVFC and Army Education Corps with minimum masters in different fields. The IC has a duration of six months. Cadets pass out as Captains. Their military training includes all the essential components required for commissioning as an officer apart from boxing and acid test.

PMA Lady Cadet's Course (LCC)

The PMA Lady Cadet's Course was first started in November 2006. The course is taken by masters and bachelors qualified ladies who are sound professionals in their fields. The lady cadets undergo a training period of six months and pass out as Captains in supporting arms of the Pakistan Army.

Mujahid Course (MC)

The Mujahid course was first started in 2011. This course is taken by those candidates who are declared twice low merit from PMA long course. The Mujahid Course cadets go under the training of one year at PMA, Kakul and pass out 2nd Lieutenants. They mostly serve in kashmir area near LOC. The headquarter of Mujahid Regiment is in Bhimber,Kashmir. It only comes once a year in Summer entry.

List of Commandants [edit]

S.N	Name	Start of tenure	End of tenure
1	Brig F.H.B Ingall, DSO	4 Nov 1947	31 Dec 1950
2	Brig. G.H Tarvar, DSO	7 Jun 1951	20 Feb 1953
3	Brigadier G. Pigot, MC	21 Feb 1953	18 Nov 1955
4	Brig J. H Souter, MC	19 Nov 1955	7 Apr 1957
5	Maj Gen Shoukat Ali Shah	8 Apr 1957	2 May 1959
6	Brig Fazal Muqeem Khan, SQA	3 May 1959	17 Oct 1959
7	Brig Mohammad Rafi	18 oct 1959	29 Feb 1964
8	Brig Sultan Mohammad	30 Mar 1964	14 Nov 1966
9	Brig (Later Major General) A.O Mitha, SQA, TPk	15 Nov 1966	23 Nov 1968
10	Maj Gen Syed Abid Ali	6 Feb 1969	1 Dec 1969
11	Maj Gen Ijaz Ahmed, SK	2 Dec 1969	29 Apr 1970
12	Maj Gen Riaz Azim, TPk	30 Apr 1970	10 Feb 1972
13	Brig (Later Major General) Abdullah Saeed	11 Feb 1972	20 Nov 1974
14	Brig Zamir Ahmed Khan	21 Nov 1974	4 Jun 1976
15	Brig (Later Lieutenant General) Ahmad Kamal Khan	5 Jun 1976	15 Feb 1978
16	Brig (Later Lieutenant General) Imranuallah Khan	16 Feb 1978	11 Jul 1982
17	Maj Gen Rahat Latif	17 Jul 1982	4 Oct 1985
18	Maj Gen (Later General & Chief of Army Staff) Asif Nawaz	5 Oct 1985	14 May 1988
19	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Ghulam Muhammad Malik	15 May 1988	2 Jul 1990
20	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Lehrasab Khan, SJ	3 Jul 1990	17 April 1992
21	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Muhammad Maqbool	18 Apr 1992	1 Jul 1993
22	Maj Gen Malik Saleem Khan	19 Jul 1993	22 Aug 1995
23	Maj Gen Rizwan Qureshi	23 Aug 1995	22 Apr 1997
24	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Jamshed Gulzar	23 Apr 1997	22 Nov 1998
25	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Imtiaz Shaheen	3 Dec 1998	3 Mar 2000
26	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Shahid Hamid	3 Mar 2000	4 Nov 2001
27	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Hamid Rabnawaz	5 Nov 2001	14 Oct 2004
28	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Ahsan Azhar Hayat	1 Nov 2004	30 Apr 2006
29	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Nadeem Taj	1 May 2006	3 Oct 2007
30	Maj (Later Lieutenant General) Zahid Hussain Khan	4 Oct 2007	12 Oct 2008
31	Maj Gen (Later General & Chief of Army Staff) Raheel Sharif	13 Oct 2008	14 Oct 2010
32	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Mazhar Jamil	15 Oct 2010	15 May 2012
33	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Sadiq Ali	16 May 2012	29 Jul 2013
34	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Nazir Ahmed Butt	30 Jul 2013	28 Oct 2014
35	Maj Gen (Now General & Chairman Joint Chief of Staff Committee) Nadeem Raza	29 Oct 2014	10 Dec 2016
35	Maj Gen (Later Lieutenant General) Abdullah Dogar	15 Dec 2016	Oct 2017
36	Maj Gen (Now Lieutenant General) Akhtar Nawaz	Oct 2017	25 Nov 2019
37	Maj Gen (Now Lieutenant General) Muhammad Ali	25 Nov 2019	25 Nov 2020
38	Maj Gen Omer Ahmed Bokhari	25 Nov 2020	Till Date

Notable alumni [edit]

General Qamar Bajwa, Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)
General Raheel Sharif, former Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)
General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, former Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)
General Pervez Musharraf, former Chief of Army Staff and President of Pakistan
Major M A Hamza [Tamghag-e-Imtiaz] [Tamghag-e-Jurrat]
Major Malik Mohammad Habib Khan (PSP)] Federal Minister for Interior & Inspector General of Police - 37 PMA (Pakistan)
Major Shabbir Sharif [Nishan-e-Haider]
Major Muhammad Akram [Nishan-e-Haider]
Captain Karnal Sher Khan, NH
Major Aziz Bhatti, NH
General Rahimuddin Khan, Gentleman Cadet No. 1, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.
General Jehangir Karamat, former Chief of Army Staff and Ambassador to the US
Brigadier Tariq Mehmood, SJ
General C. S. Weerasooriya, former Commander of the Sri Lanka Army and Ambassador to Pakistan
General Asif Nawaz Janjua, former Chief of Army Staff
General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, former Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)
General Muhammad Aziz Khan, former Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff and Chief of General Staff
General Ahsan Saleem Hayat, former Vice Chief of Army Staff
General Ehsan ul Haq, former Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff
General Tariq Majid, former Supreme Commandant of the Pakistan Defense Forces and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Colonel Aqeel Ahmed (colonel), SI(M), psc, MSc. Corps of EME, Secretary Heavy Industries Taxila Board.
Major General K.M Shafiullah, Bangladesh Army's first chief in 1972
Lieutenant General Ziaur Rahman, President and Chief of Army Staff, Bangladesh
Colonel Shafaat Jamil, Brigade Commander of 46th Independent Brigade in the early 1970s, Bangladesh Army
Major General Khaled Musharraf, Chief of Army Staff, Bangladesh Army
Lieutenant General Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury, Chief of Army Staff, Bangladesh Army
Major General Tunde Idiagbon, former Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters (de facto Vice President of Nigeria) from 1983 to 1985

References [edit]

^ "PMA is Alma Mater of Officers of Pakistan Army".
^ "Pakistan Military Academy (a profile)". Google Books website . Retrieved 24 May 2021.
^ "The Affiliation of NUST with PMA". Archived from the original on 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2020-04-26 .
^ Govt. Pakistan. "HEC Recognized Universities and Degree Awarding Institutions". Govt. Pakistan. Higher Education Commission. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Pakistan Military Academy – Cadets Training". Pakistanarmy.gov.pk. January 25, 1948. Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
^ "The Inauguration by COAS".
^ "Inauguration of 4th Pak Battalion".
^ Parret, C. (2011) 'Boer Prisoners in Abbottabad', in Journal of Military Historical Society UK, No 1, Spring issue, pp.3–4; and also History of the 5th Gorkha Rifles, 1858-1928 UK, 1929, p.16
^ "History of Brigadier Ingall". Defence Journal.
^ "Ingall's speech at 1:35 min". Pakistan Army. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
^ "Historical Background of Pakistan Military Academy". Pakistan Army website . Retrieved 24 May 2021.
^ Anthony Spaeth (22 July 2002). "Dangerous Ground (Pakistan Military Academy)". TIME (magazine) . Retrieved 24 May 2021.